翻訳と辞書
Words near each other
・ Islamic Development Bank
・ Islamic dietary laws
・ Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan
・ Islamic dress in Europe
・ Islamic economics
・ Islamic economics in Pakistan
・ Islamic education
・ Islamic American Relief Agency
・ Islamic American University
・ Islamic and National Revolution Movement of Afghanistan
・ Islamic Arab
・ Islamic architecture
・ Islamic Army in Iraq
・ Islamic Army of the Caucasus
・ Islamic Army–al-Qaeda conflict
Islamic art
・ Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia
・ Islamic Asian College of Commerce Kharian
・ Islamic Association in Stockholm
・ Islamic Association of China
・ Islamic Association of Greater Detroit
・ Islamic Association of Long Island
・ Islamic Association of North Texas
・ Islamic Association of Palestine
・ Islamic Association of Women
・ Islamic Azad University
・ Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
・ Islamic Azad University Dental Branch of Tehran
・ Islamic Azad University Kurdistan Province
・ Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran


Dictionary Lists
翻訳と辞書 辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ]
スポンサード リンク

Islamic art : ウィキペディア英語版
Islamic art

Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.〔Marilyn Jenkins-Madina, Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, 2001, ''Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250'', Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-08869-4, p.3; Brend, 10〕 It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years; it is not art specifically of a religion, or of a time, or of a place, or of a single medium like painting. The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article, leaving fields as varied as calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, and textiles, among others.
Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art, but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well. It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon, if not forbidden, by some Islamic theologians.〔Davies, Penelope J.E. Denny, Walter B. Hofrichter, Frima Fox. Jacobs, Joseph. Roberts, Ann M. Simon, David L. Janson's History of Art, Prentice Hall; 2007, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Severth Edition, ISBN 0-13-193455-4 pg. 277〕 Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions, specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art, with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains. Figurative painting may cover religious scenes, but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry. The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qu'rans is an important aspect, but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles (e.g. Girih tiles), woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art, although with religious inscriptions even more prominent.
"Islamic art developed from many sources: Roman, Early Christian art, and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting, pottery, and textiles." Though the whole concept of "Islamic art" has been criticised by some modern art historians, calling it a "figment of imagination" or a "mirage",
the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars.
There are repeating elements in Islamic art, such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque. The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God.〔Madden (1975), pp.423–430〕 Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection, although this theory is disputed.
Typically, though not entirely, Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns and Arabic calligraphy, rather than on figures, because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry〔(John L. Esposito (2010), ''The future of Islam'', Oxford University Press, page 42 )〕 and thereby a sin against God, forbidden in the Qur'an. Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art, above all in the more private form of miniatures, where their absence is rare. Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in Islamic law, known as ''Sharia'' law. There are also many depictions of Muhammad, Islam's chief prophet, in historical Islamic art.〔(''The Arab Contribution to Islamic Art: From the Seventh to the Fifteenth Centuries'' ), Wijdan Ali, American Univ in Cairo Press, December 10, 1999, ISBN 977-424-476-1〕〔( ''From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of the Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th Century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th Century Ottoman Art'' ), Wijdan Ali, (EJOS (Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies) ), volume IV, issue 7, p. 1-24, 2001〕 Small decorative figures of animals and humans, especially if they are hunting the animals, are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods, but portraits were slow to develop.
== Calligraphy ==

(詳細はkufic'' and ''naskh'' scripts, which can be found adorning and enhancing the visual appeal of the walls and domes of buildings, the sides of minbars, and metalwork.〔 Islamic calligraphy in the form of painting or sculptures are sometimes referred to as ''quranic art''.〔Islamic Archaeology in the Sudan - Page 22, Intisar Soghayroun Elzein - 2004〕
East Persian pottery from the 9th to 11th centuries decorated only with highly stylised inscriptions, called "epigraphic ware", has been described as "probably the most refined and sensitive of all Persian pottery".〔Arts, p. 223. see nos. 278–290〕 Large inscriptions made from tiles, sometimes with the letters raised in relief, or the background cut away, are found on the interiors and exteriors of many important buildings. Complex carved calligraphy also decorates buildings. For most of the Islamic period the majority of coins only showed lettering, which are often very elegant despite their small size and nature of production. The tughra or monogram of an Ottoman sultan was used extensively on official documents, with very elaborate decoration for important ones. Other single sheets of calligraphy, designed for albums, might contain short poems, Qu'ranic verses, or other texts.
The main languages, all using Arabic script, are Arabic, always used for Qu'ranic verses, Persian in the Persianate world, especially for poetry, and Turkish, with Urdu appearing in later centuries. Calligraphers usually had a higher status than other artists.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Islamic art」の詳細全文を読む



スポンサード リンク
翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース

Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.